What is a Wholesaler? Wholesaling Definition Comparisons and Examples

批发商是什么意思?

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What is a Wholesaler?

A Wholesaler is a distributor that sells products to a 零售商. A wholesaler will sell his product in bulk quantities to retailers, allowing the retailer to take advantage of a lower price than if he were to buy single items.

The wholesaler will typically buy goods direct from the manufacturer, but could also buy from a reseller. In either case, the wholesaler gets large discounts for buying large quantities of goods.

The wholesaler is rarely involved in the actual manufacture of a product, focusing instead on distribution.

???? A wholesaler requires a license to sell his product to the retailer, and his product will generally not be available to the customer at the same price as to the retailer.

This is because the retailer makes their profits by marking up the price they pay to the wholesaler. In the case that a customer wishes to purchase a product from the wholesaler he will be charged for a drop shipment, this charge being charged to the customer as well as the wholesaler by a dropshipping 商人。

Often a wholesaler is a specialist in one specific product, or in a category of products. Other wholesalers will offer a wide variety of products.

此外, the wholesaler can focus on one type of business for their products, or they can offer items for sale to anyone.

Wholesalers also differ from distributors in that they are typically not associated with a particular good, and therefore they are not likely to offer the higher service level or support often offered by official product distributors.

这是因为 the wholesaler is rarely directly affiliated with the manufacturer they buy from and are unfamiliar with the specifics and intricacies of the products they sell.

Wholesalers can also offer competing products, which is not the case for distributors.

如果你正在寻找一个 列表 dropshipping 供应商,如 Salehoo or Spocket 您可能要访问我们的文章 最棒的 Drop Shipping 公司.

什么是批发购买?

图片学分: Eddie Lobanovskiy

可以翻译或使用相当多的业务术语用于不同的实例,尤其是涉及批发市场时。

For instance, a wholesale buyer could be a reference to an actual agent that negotiates between merchants and sellers in the wholesale market. However, you might also refer to a wholesale buyer as the 商人 本身,考虑到是从批发商那里购买商品的实体。

首先,我们将讨论批发采购员这个职业。

这将是一个代理或不偏不倚dividual who is supposed to negotiate deals based on market trends to make sure that both the wholesaler and merchant come out ahead.

The reason these types of wholesale buyers exist is because a business manager most likely has many other tasks to complete.

This takes the responsibility of understanding market conditions and pricing and transfers it over to someone who is more of an expert on the subject.

批发买家 have a wide variety of other titles. For example, some people call them purchasing agents, while others call them sales representatives.

And to make things even more confusing these types of jobs could actually be filled in-house by a merchant or wholesaler.

总的来说,重要的是要了解批发买家可能是第三方divi兼职或负责所有批发研究和交易的雇员。

另一方面,指批发买家可能只是在谈论计划从批发商那里购买的实际公司。

Regardless of who is doing the purchasing, wholesale buying is one of the most common practices for obtaining inexpensive products to turn and then sell for a higher price.

The basis behind wholesale buying is that a manufacturer, supplier, or wholesale company sells large batches of the same products to merchants.

这意味着 the merchants have to have a certain amount of upfront capital in order to afford all of these items.

然而, it works to their advantage once they start selling the individual items, because they resell each product at a profit margin to either regular consumers or other businesses.

一般情况下, the chain of sales works like this: a supplier or manufacturer sells large batches of goods or commodities directly to a wholesale buyer.

The wholesaler then sells the products to the merchants. After the wholesale purchase, the merchant (whether it be an online store or a physical retail shop) puts a higher price tag on the indivi双重产品并将其出售给普通大众。

什么是批发价?

如果您要问什么是好的批发价,那完全取决于您购买的是什么以及在哪个行业。

However, the definition of wholesale price is much easier to understand without significant research into your industry.

总之, the wholesale price is the rate charged by wholesalers or manufacturers or suppliers for a group of products.

That collection of products will cost a significant amount of money for the merchant, but when you break down the pricing per unit, the wholesale price is only a fraction of the cost of retail price.

So, let’s say a merchant spends a thousand dollars for 100 units of shoes。 该 总共 1000 美元 is the wholesale batch price, but the wholesale unit price would come out to $10 per unit.

This is going to be significantly cheaper than the unit retail price. Now, let’s say the merchant marks his retail price per shoe at $50.

电子邮件和短信 a profit margin of $40 per shoe when you subtract the retail price and the wholesale price. If the merchant were to sell all 100 shoes, she would make a total profit of $4000.

The reason the wholesale price is so much cheaper than retail price is because the retailer is providing a service to the consumer.

That service may be knowledge of the products, the retail location, accessibility, or a wide variety of other things that make it easier for customers to gain access to certain products.

On the other hand, the wholesaler can purchase products for cheap because it relies on volume to make its own profits.

唯一的办法 the wholesaler makes any money is if merchants are willing to buy large quantities of items。 其他wise, if the wholesaler sold single items it would be far more costly for them in the short and long term.

If a wholesale company is purchasing from a manufacturer, the prices are only slightly marked up when turning around and selling to the merchants.

But once the merchant receives the items and breaks them up into indivi双重销售,利润率可能增加到价格的两倍甚至更多。

什么是零售平均批发标记?

这是一个很好的问题,因为您的利润取决于您的批发定价产品的价格。

There are several ways to figure out how much you should mark up your wholesale prices as a merchant. However, we will cover that in the section below. Under this question, we will outline how much retail and online stores mark up products based on industry.

As we explained a little bit in the previous section, a markup is the ratio of gross profit next to sales price.

例如, if you have a product that costs you $5you sell it for $9, the gross profit ends up being $4. The $4 gross profit is also considered your product markup.

在商业世界中,没有正常的标记。 一些行业,比如时尚,能够赚一千美元 服装上的价格标签 that only costs a few hundred dollars.

另一方面, many retail shops like hardware stores and grocery stores are known for having extremely small margins – in other words, their markups are pretty small per unit.

如果您对不同行业的典型加价感到好奇,让我们来看看一些加价较高的行业和一些加价较低的行业。

珠宝一直是最高的标志 products in the world. You can read case studies about how diamonds and many other gemstones are virtually worthless until they get into retail stores.

It would be rather uncommon to find a piece of jewelry that is not marked up at least 50% of the wholesale price.

服装业有类似的结构 for marking up products. And it’s not just your top-of-the-line, high-fashion clothes. When you walk into Walmart, or any other budget retailer, those shirts and pants are typically marked up from 100% to 400%.

尽管餐饮业的利润率通常很低, 食物通常都会被标记出来 about 60%. The drinks are even worse, considering they are very inexpensive to create. It’s not uncommon to see 400% markups on beverages. The slim margins can be attributed to the overall high costs of running a restaurant.

The pharmaceutical industry is known for having extreme markups. This typically ticks off most people who aren’t working in the pharmaceutical industry, considering markups have been known to go past 6,000%. Even the cheaper generic prescriptions see markups of over 1000%.

技术是一种有趣的动物,因为某些类型的技术产生了巨大的利润空间。 然而,许多科技公司,例如销售手机的公司,难以达到10%的标记。

Many small businesses make their product-selling decisions based on which items can bring in the largest markups.

That’s not a bad idea if you have limited capital and you’re just getting started with an online store.

However, you shouldn’t rule out small margin industries, since with the right execution you can still make a significant amount of money.

The only problem is that it’s often harder to get into those small margin industries.

您如何标记批发价格?

图片学分: 达里娅

有几种方法可以 price your retail products after purchasing them at wholesale. We have a guide covering three of the 定价的最佳做法,但还有很多其他选择可供选择。

以下是一些标记批发价格的最常见策略:

  • 建议零售价 – MSRP或制造商建议零售价, 是一种常见的做法,制造商建议零售商为客户列出某个价格点。 这曾经是一种更为常见的批发产品定价方式,因为它允许制造商根据销售它们的零售商和位置来标准化某些产品的组。 也就是说,当产品更主流时,您会看到厂商建议零售价被最频繁地使用。 因此,如果它是全新产品或独特的珠宝,则真的没有办法或没有理由使用厂商建议零售价。 总的来说,建议零售价让零售商更容易,但你也可能比竞争对手有劣势,使他们的定价更适合客户。
  • Keystone定价 – Keystone定价过程也是标记批发商品的更简单方法。 它通常涉及零售商将批发成本加倍,并可能根据某些市场因素来调整价格。 例如,您可能会意识到,由于潜在的运输和处理成本,仅使批发成本增加一倍是不够的。 大多数零售商会意识到,将批发成本提高一倍通常对消费者来说太昂贵了。 但是,唯一项应具有更高的标记。 这完全取决于行业以及该产品的竞争力。
  • 多重定价 –多种定价也称为捆绑销售,您可以将几种产品配对在一起,然后以较低的成本出售捆绑销售的所有商品。 这会产生更高的感知价值,因为客户会从中获得更多收益。 这种批发加价策略在服装行业和杂货店中非常普遍。 唯一的问题是,很难卖出divi从捆绑包中删除双件商品后,可以按正常价格购买。
  • 折扣价格 – 特定产品或产品组的销售或折扣有时会发生。 简而言之,零售商已经标高了批发价,只是为了减少一部分价格,以推动更多顾客结账,并可能在某些季节增加客流量。 大多数公司全年都有折扣。 经验法则是不要建立廉价零售商的声誉——也就是说,除非这是总体目标(如沃尔玛)。
  • 亏损定价 – 这种加价策略实际上涉及您偶尔选择一些打折的产品。 你知道这会让人们因为折扣而光顾你的商店。 然而,我们的目标是拥有顾客在商店时必然会购买的几种互补产品。 一个很好的例子就是以折扣价销售男士剃须刀,然后以全价展示剃须膏和须后水。
  • 锚定价 –这种类型的心理产品定价使您可以在一定程度上标记批发价格,同时仍显示已应用了折扣。 不管是否已应用折扣,该实践仍显示出划掉的原始价格以及销售价格。 已经表明,这种定价会触发一种响应,使消费者更有可能购买。
  • 比赛之上 – 另一种提高批发价格的方法是从批发商处购买产品,然后立即查看您的竞争对手销售类似产品的目的。 您可以将这些产品定价略高于您的竞争对手,以营造您的产品实际上质量更好的感觉。 一个很好的例子就是星巴克或苹果如何创造与竞争对手或多或少相同的产品——但人们认为它们更好,因为收费更高。 现在,Apple 可能制造出比某些制造商更好的电脑——这在很大程度上是主观的。 但是,很难说 Apple 的电脑比同类的 Dell 电脑高出 1,000 美元。
  • 比赛下方 –另一个选择是低于竞争水平。 您分析批发价格,并确保可以与这些批发商进行谈判,以持续提供较低的成本。 考虑到您可能必须与世界上一些最大的低成本零售商竞争,这可能会很难。 但是,这种定价仍然可以发挥一定的创造力,例如Dollar Shave Club。

With all of the pricing strategies, you still have to start by going to your wholesaler and understanding just how much you can markup your products to make it worthwhile in the long run.

Testing is often required, along with market research. After that, you can adjust your prices to get a better understanding of how much profit you can make for each of your products.

什么是三种批发商?

As always with the wholesale business. a variety of terms are used to refer to certain job titles and categorizations.

也就是说, we can still break down wholesalers into three general categories, even if some people call them different things.

以下是批发商的类型:

  • 商人批发商 – 这是您在听到“批发商”一词时通常会想到的批发商类型。 商家批发商参与购买大量产品,存储它们,然后以较小的批量出售它们以加价。 这些较小的数量仍然被视为批发,但它们被分解,以便零售商可以以合理的数量购买它们。 传统批发商实际上并不生产其销售的产品。 相反,它非常了解哪些产品最有可能在零售层面上大量销售。 批发商通常被称为不同的名称,包括进口商、出口商、批发商和分销商。 此外,批发商可能专注于向几十个不同的行业销售,也可能专注于一两个行业。
  • 代理/经纪 – 批发代理和经纪人通常不拥有他们销售的产品。 相反,代理商会积极协商交易以确保批发商获得尽可能优惠的价格。 这些代理人和经纪人中的许多人实际上会为批发商工作,但他们只是从每笔销售中收取佣金的情况并不少见。
  • 制造业的销售和分销 –制造商还具有销售团队和分销商的完整办事处,代表制造商将产品带入批发市场。 这些销售团队和其他代表通常与制造过程无关。 实际上,办公室通常远离存储和制造产品的仓库。 由于这种联系,这些类型的代表通常也被视为批发商。 这样做的原因是,他们将批发交易放在一起,并负责批发批发。

如何为您的在线商店找到最好的批发供应商

图片学分: Oberlo

什么时候 为您的在线商店寻找批发供应商, 重要的是要了解系统的工作原理以及您应该查看的位置。

主要问题是 wholesale is not a well structured system or industry at all. In fact, most of the wholesale market is a collection of random suppliers and manufacturers that are scattered all around the world.

The good news is that we live in the digital age so you don’t have to constantly be on the phone and looking through physical directories to locate the best wholesalers out there. Instead, you can turn to online marketplaces like AliExpress or AliBaba.

In both of these options, you can navigate to each website just like you would with Amazon, and browse around to decide which of the most popular products you would like to sell on your own online store.

What’s also great about these types of directory websites is that you can filter your products based on what they look like and even sift through pictures or check out details on each supplier.

总体而言, your goal is to partner with reputable suppliers who will answer your phone call or emails, provide quality products, and deliver those products on time.

Many online stores partner with suppliers in places like China and India, since the pricing is usually lower and you can typically find the suppliers on websites like AliBaba.

为了 找到最好的批发供应商,您应该完成几个简单的步骤:

  1. 通过在线目录或AliExpress等网站研究和寻找信誉良好的批发供应商。
  2. 根据他们提供的产品的声誉,列出您最喜欢的供应商。
  3. 通过电子邮件或电话联系每个供应商。
  4. 确保第一次接触尽可能高效。 如果有人不回复你,或者听不懂他们在说什么,你以后的沟通可能会遇到麻烦。
  5. 向每个批发供应商询问某些产品的样品。 大多数批发供应商要求您支付样品费用,因此您应该决定几乎可以保证销售的少数几种产品。 然后,您可以自己检查这些产品的质量。
  6. 考虑讨价还价以获得更好的价格。 您将需要某种杠杆作用才能完全正常工作。
  7. 避免 dropshipping 一开始的安排。

Many online store owners will start contacting suppliers through the phone or email and find that this works out quite well.

You don’t really need any training from us to do this, since all you have to do is start researching local wholesalers and contacting them about your business.

但是,您可能无法确切地知道在哪里查找供应商在线。 因此,我们列出了几个目录和电子商务商店,可以同时连接多个批发商。 这些是我们的一些最爱:

您可能还会考虑一些批发供应网站 dropshipping - 如 Spocket, Salehoo, AliDropship或全球品牌。

与其他履行和销售选择的比较

图片学分: 谢尔盖德伊金

As you may have noticed already, the term wholesale can be confused with many other selling and distribution methods.

Because of this, we want to clarify exactly how wholesale compares to some similar fulfillment options. We’ll even talk about when you might use one over the other.

批发和零售销售有什么区别?

The basic answer to this question is that a retail business owner sells her products directly to the consumer.

This means that the retailer is typically purchasing products from a wholesaler. Retail sales either come in the form of selling through an online store or through a physical brick-and-mortar retail shop.

On the other hand, a wholesale seller has retailers as clients, selling its products in bulk for a lower per unit price.

Essentially, the retailer would be considered a middleman, since they are bringing the product closer to the customer and providing the convenience and service you typically find on an e-commerce store or a retail shop.

Wholesale and retail sales also differ in other ways. For example, the business of wholesale revolves around selling a large number of products – which often requires savvy salespeople who are willing to manage B2B clients.

Retailers focus more on individual sales with cheaper price tags (when we say this we mean selling a shirt for $20 instead of 100 shirts for $1,000).

The sales process is often less cumbersome, but they also have to deal with consumers either on a face-to-face or digital basis.

批发商和分销商之间有什么区别?

Depending on the industry and the companies in that industry, these terms could be jumbled to mean different things.

However, distributors, wholesalers, and manufacturers should have separate responsibilities.

Wholesalers are typically larger companies that are more interested in finding potential retail buyers as opposed to manufacturing the products.

另一方面,制造商, are more interested in building products, as opposed to going through a tedious sales process.

Because of this, manufacturers usually partner with a distributor. This means that there is actually yet another middleman in the entire sales flow.

So, a pair of shoes would get created in a manufacturing warehouse, then the distributor would go out and find wholesalers that might want to purchase those shoes in bulk.

The distributor is then done with their job until the next batch of sales to a wholesaler.

Wholesalers buy a large quantity of items directly from these distributors who represent the manufacturers.

The more products the wholesalers buy the cheaper per unit cost they have to spend. As we’ve learned earlier in this article, the wholesalers then turn around and sell in bulk to retail businesses, whether online or brick-and-mortar.

The wholesaler does include a small markup, but it’s not until the retailer sells to consumers where we see a significant markup because of the indivi双重产品销售。

批发商、分销商和零售商之间有什么区别?

当您开始在线开展业务时,您需要了解很多术语。 例如,当您购买产品时,您可能需要与批发商、分销商和零售商建立关系。

Wholesales, distributors, and retailers are all crucial parts of the general sales chain for almost any business model.

Virtually every retailer has a version of this supply chain to consider. Here’s what you need to know about the difference between wholesalers, distributors, and retailers.

经销商

Distributors are professionals that work with manufacturers that they can represent, or just take part in resale actions for.

Many distributors have exclusive buying agreements that limit how many participants they can interact with or enable distribution within a specific territory.

A distributor is the main point contact for manufacturers who want to deliver their products to prospective buyers.

However, most distributors won’t sell a manufacturer’s goods directly to a customer. The large amount of product that distributors take on usually means that they can work with wholesale representatives, or wholesalers. Some distributors work directly with retailers to sell products too.

批发商

Wholesalers are the middleman between the distributors and manufacturers, and the retailer and their end-user. Wholesalers by large quantities of products directly from experts in the distribution marketplace.

High-volume purchase orders are common with wholesalers, and many distributors will provide discounts depending on how much a wholesaler chooses to buy.

A wholesaler can purchase various kinds of merchandise from a distributor, ranging from technology to clothing.

The goods are then often organized and sold on in small quantities to retailers, through a different distribution channel. Retailers can also receive items at a discounted price from wholesalers depending on how much they buy for their product lines.

零售商

Retailers are the final professional in the line before an item gets to a customer. Retailers are basic business owners that sell products directly to the consumer market.

Most retailers will sell specific products that are relevant to their industry and brands. Retailers can buy smaller quantities of items from a brand in the distribution space.

Retailers are the last point in the supply chain in most cases, before the product reaches the customer. However, some wholesalers can sell to end customers too.

For instance, Costco sells to business customers to help them access lower prices, but occasionally, retail consumers will purchase products just for themselves.

Some business operations might involve a single company producing products at low prices, which they then sell directly on a retail basis to customers.

Cutting out certain parts of the supply chain, such as wholesalers and distributors, can save money and time. However, this process could also mean that it’s harder for certain companies to expand and increase their sales in the future.

Using market research and established relationships with other entities creates new opportunities for business success.

批发和批发之间有什么区别 Dropshipping?

批发有很多利弊。 还有很多优点和缺点 drop shipping。 在接下来的几段中,我们将逐一介绍每个元素的不同元素,但是我们也想概述一些基本差异,这些差异可能会决定您如何提供产品。

In short, buying wholesale means that you are purchasing a large number of items for lower per unit pricing.

Because of this, you have to figure out a way to store those products, package them, and send them out to customers. It becomes a much bigger operation than drop shipping但是,您可以节省大量的单价,从而提高了利润率。

Dropshipping 不需要你存储, package, or ship any of the items that your customers buy from your store. Instead, you partner with the supplier or manufacturer that is willing to drop ship products.

What this means is that your company sets up a website with product pages and checkout modules for accepting payments.

The main work you have to do is managing your website, handling customer support, and marketing to your customers. Once a user comes to your website and makes a purchase you receive that purchase order.

Depending on your set up, you may have to send that purchase order to your drop shipper to complete the order.

However, many website builders will seamlessly link your online store to the drop shipper, meaning that when an order is submitted the supplier is automatically notified, so that the product can be sent out immediately.

批发批发有哪些优点?

First of all, almost all of the products that you purchase are going to be cheaper through a wholesaler. That is, the per unit price is going to be cheaper.

Therefore you can boost your profit margins and hopefully run a more successful business.

Furthermore, you’re purchasing from a wholesaler who was already bought these products from a manufacturer.

So, they know that these products have a proven track record and are most likely going to be successful when sold to consumers. You get to minimize your own risk in that respect.

最后, wholesaling typically allows you to have more control over the entire process. From adding shipping labels to branding your packages, and even seeing your products before they get shipped out to customers.

The amount of control is more prevalent when working with a wholesaler.

购买批发有哪些缺点?

The main downside of purchasing from a wholesaler is that you almost always have to purchase in large quantities.

Because of this, you need to find a place to store this big batch of inventory. In addition, you have to spend money on packaging, more employees, postage, and everything else that goes into the storage and shipping process.

Although you do make more profit margins there are several additional costs that come along with storing and shipping your own products.

Lastly, there is a certain amount of risk that goes into buying wholesale. Although you’re assuming that the wholesaler likes these products and knows that they sell well, you are being forced into buying larger quantities of the product.

If, by chance, you can’t sell all of the items you bought, your company is stuck eating that cost.

有什么优点 drop shipping?

Drop shipping is a somewhat newer concept that has quite a few benefits, especially for small businesses.

First of all, the initial investment could potentially be close to nothing. You are most likely going to build a website and spend some money and time setting the entire operation up, but you don’t have to pay for a large batch of wholesale items.

此外,未售出的库存、运输、包装和存储不涉及任何成本。

最终的好处是,已建立的零售企业可以测试电子商务水域,同时还可以运营其主要业务。

有什么缺点 drop shipping?

您可能会看到一些问题的主要原因 drop shipping is that you lose control over the entire sales process.

Yes, you complete the actual sale on your website, but that’s where the majority of your control ends. Your drop shipper is the one that stores the product and packages it up to send to the customer.

So, if the drop shipper doesn’t send the product on time, you’re the one that has to bear the brunt.

You’ll also find that it’s more difficult to brand your packaging and the products inside that packaging. Luckily the majority of drop shippers will allow you to see samples of the actual products before sending them out to your customers.

However, e-commerce stores with thousands of products will not test out every single one of them, making for a risky investment when some of the items might not be the highest quality.

最后的缺点 drop shipping 涉及利润率。 由于供应商正在向您的客户发送产品dividually, you don’t get remotely close to the margins that you would with wholesaling.

Luckily, you get to save some money by not paying for shipping and storage facilities. However, you will find that your profits are often extremely slim or you have to raise prices so that it’s difficult to compete with larger e-commerce stores with similar products.

批发和自我实现有什么区别?

Self-fulfillment is often a term you might stumble upon when building an online store. It actually doesn’t have any relation to wholesaling, rather it’s what you would do as a merchant after purchasing from a wholesaler.

In fact, it’s quite the opposite of drop shipping (如上一节所述),您从批发商那里购买所有库存,然后用自己的时间,金钱和资源完成所有的履行工作。

履行, in itself, is the process of taking a product after a sale and getting it to your customer’s doorstep.

So, this involves wrapping, packaging, inserting a receipt, storage prior to the sale, shipping, and providing some sort of tracking number.

Self-fulfillment means that your company has done all of these steps itself. The wholesaler is still in the equation, since you bought your inventory from them.

批发和3rd派对之间的区别是什么?

再次,批发和履行在销售过程中是分开的。 如果您选择第三方履行,您仍然很有可能从批发商处购买所有这些产品。

A better question would be what the difference is between third-party fulfillment and self-fulfillment. In our definition of self-fulfillment, we talked about how the entire packaging, storage, and delivery process is handled in-house.

Third-party fulfillment is where you would partner with a logistics company to handle things like storage and shipping. 第三方履行 由于自己运送产品的昂贵和困难而变得越来越受欢迎.

It benefits your company by freeing up time for other things like web design and marketing. Of course, you have to pay another company to complete this fulfillment for you.

In addition, you might end up compromising on the quality of your packaging or how much time it takes to send those items to your customers.

Overall, many companies find that self-fulfillment is their best option. Third-party fulfillment is also a viable solution, especially for online stores that create their own products.

This way, you can focus on product development and then send all of those items off to a fulfillment company to handle the rest.

你如何成为批发商?

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丽贝卡特

丽贝卡特(Rebekah Carter)是一位经验丰富的内容创建者,新闻记者和博客作者,专门研究营销,业务开发和技术。 她的专业知识涵盖了从人工智能到电子邮件营销软件以及扩展现实设备的所有领域。 在不写作的时候,丽贝卡将大部分时间都花在阅读,探索户外活动和游戏上。

评论 1响应

  1. 杰斯帕·斯科夫 说:

    Har et spørgsmål。

    Hvis man er engro handler med vin/spiritus.. og kommer til en kunde f.eks en vin butik eller 咖啡馆/餐厅,og man viser kunden nogle vin
    Nye vine, og kunden spørg om de får nogle smagsprøver ?
    Får alle kunder smagsprøver ?
    对于 så bliver det dyrt og dele smagsprøver ud til hver kunde eller hvordan ?

    杰斯珀